S´ estima que a Espanya, entorn un 70% dels escolars de 15 anys, ha patit assetjament escolar, o ha assetjat a un company/a, tant de forma presencial com virtual.
Segons els experts aquest tipus d´ assetjament es dona en totes les societats i cal que les escoles entrin en acció, per estudiar el problema i adoptar mesures dirigides per fer-lo desaparèixer i per prevenir-lo, com ha fet Finlàndia amb el mètode Kiva.
Cal dir que Finlàndia, es un país que destina grans recursos a l´ educació, el seu sistema educatiu es considerat com un dels millors del món, de fet té el primer lloc en (ICG), tot i així tampoc es lliuren de l´ assetjament escolar, però la diferència es que han decidit acabar amb el problema d´ arrel.
El programa Kiva, que sorgeix de la unió de les paraules “Kiusaamista Vastaan”, que en finès significa “contra l´ assetjament escolar”, va ser creat a proposta del govern finès i la comunitat educativa i va començar a introduir-se de manera aleatòria en les escoles fineses, anys desprès es va realitzar un estudi, per veure l´ evolució del programa i la incidència d´ aquest en els alumnes.
Els resultats, van ser contundents: el mètode Kiva, va disminuir tots els tipus d´ assetjament, en tots els instituts i escoles, de fet l´ assetjament escolar va desaparèixer en el 80% dels centres escolars.
Un any desprès, els investigadors van descobrir, que el número de nens i adolescents que patien assetjament escolar, havia disminuït entorn un 41%, a més també va quedar de manifest, que a més de resoldre el problema, també va potenciar el confort dels alumnes i va fer pujar les qualificacions.
El mètode que utilitza el programa Kiva, consisteix en no centrar-se en la confrontació entre víctima i assetjador, sinó que va més enllà, vol fer que els alumnes que son espectadors de la situació, no li riguin les gràcies als assetjadors. El motiu, es que molts estudis han demostrat que els espectadors d´ aquestes agressions, arriben a interioritzar que el que passa es normal i fins i tot divertit, tot i que puguin tenir una opinió distinta, cosa que perpetua i agreuja el problema.
Com es dur a terme el programa?
En el programa Kiva, els estudiants son instruïts en unes 20 classes als 7, 10 i 13 anys (edats clau en el desenvolupament dels nens/es), per tal d´ identificar les diferents formes d´ assetjament, d´ aquesta manera, estan conscienciats amb el problema des de ben petits.
Hi ha 10 temaris i treballs que es realitzen al llarg del curs i en els que s´ ensenya valors morals com l´empatia i respecte envers els altres, a més, s´ utilitzen molts recursos, com xerrades, videojocs, manual per al professorat, vigilància a l´ hora del pati, pel·lícules i una bústia virtual per denunciar si son testimonis o víctimes d´ assetjament escolar.
A partir d´ aquí, l´ equip Kiva, investiga els casos d´ assetjament escolar, primer determinen si l´ assetjament es puntual o continuat. Desprès parlen amb la víctima per tranquil·litzar-la. Posteriorment, parlen amb els assetjadors per sensibilitzar-los i amb els testimonis, que son el centre del programa, d´ aquesta forma s´ aconsegueix reduir l´ assetjament escolar.
Però el més important d´ aquest mètode no es només l´ efecte immediat què té a les escoles i als instituts, sinó l´ efecte que pot tenir en una societat de persones educades a través d´ aquest mètode, que sigui més justa, solidària i cohesionada.
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